リグノセルロース・バイオ燃料分析...市場調査レポートについてご紹介

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction to Lignocellulosic Biofuels
2.1 What are Lignocellulosic Biofuels?
2.2 Potential of Lignocellulosic Biofuels
2.3 Is it Feasible to Produce Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass?
2.4 Types of Biofuels Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass
2.5 Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass
2.6 Conversion Process of Biomass to Fuel

3. Producing Biofuels from Catalytic Processing of Biomass

4. Requirement of Next Generation Biorefineries for Producing Liquid Fuels

5. Feedstocks for Lignocellulosic Biofuels

6. Conversion Routes & Technologies
6.1 Gasification of Biomass into Synthesis Gas
6.2 Conversion of Synthesis Gas with the Fischer Tropsch Process
6.3 Conversion of Syngas with a Bacterium Conversion
6.4 Hydrothermal Upgrading
6.5 Pyrolysis
6.6 Production of Ethanol by Hydrolysis and Fermentation

7. Analysis of Routes Closer to Commercial Breakthrough
7.1 Overview
7.2 Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Sugar
7.3 Gasification
7.4 Fermentation of Synthesis Gas
7.5 Fischer- Tropsch Reactor fed by Syngas

8. Thermal Processing of Cellulosic Biomass and Lignin
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Understanding the Process
8.2.1 Fast Pyrolysis
8.2.2 Liquefaction
8.3 Biomass-derived Fuels
8.3.1 Products from Fast Pyrolysis
8.3.2 Products from, Liquefaction
8.4 Subset of Biomass Liquefaction: Catalytic Reforming of Biomass
8.5 Comparing the Economics of Fast Pyrolysis versus Liquefaction
8.6 Technology, Barriers & Trends in Fast Pyrolysis
8.7 Technology, Barriers & Trends in Liquefaction

9. Using Petroleum Refining Techniques for Producing Biofuels
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Understanding the Process
9.3 Production of Hydrocarbon-based Liquid Biofuels
9.4 Economics and Potential
9.5 Technology, Barriers & Trends
9.5.1 Overview
9.5.2 Feedstock Issues
9.5.3 Scientific Issues
9.5.4 Technological Options
9.5.5 Research Requirements
9.5.6 Challenges in Future Fuels Development for Next Generation Internal Combustion Engines
9.5.7 Other Barriers

10. Catalytic Processing of Biomass-derived Compounds in Liquid Phase
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Understanding the Process
7.3 Feedstocks Used
7.3.1 Cellulose
7.3.2 Lignin
7.3.3 Starch
7.3.4 Plant & Animal Glycerides
7.3.5 Proteins
7.4 Catalytic Reactions for Liquid Phase Processing
7.4.1 Processing in Liquid Phase versus Gas Phase
7.4.2 Thermodynamics for Liquid Phase Processing
7.4.3 Reactions Involved in the Conversion of Biomass-derived Feeds to Fuels and Chemicals
7.4.3.1 Hydrolysis
7.4.3.2 Dehydration
7.4.3.3 Isomerization
7.4.3.4 Reforming Reactions
7.4.3.5 Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds
7.4.3.6 Hydrogenation
7.4.3.7 Selective Oxidation
7.4.3.8 Hydrogenolysis
7.4.3.9 Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation
7.5 Advantages of Liquid Phase Processing
7.6 Technology, Barriers & Trends

11. Factors Impacting the Quality of Biomass
8.1 Cellulose Biosynthesis and Deposition
8.2 Lignin Biosynthesis and Deposition
8.3 Wood Extracts

12. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Better Yield of Biofuels
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Why Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials is Necessary?
10.3 Comminution of Lignocellulosic Materials
10.4 Pyrolysis
10.5 Steam Explosion
10.6 Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX)
10.7 Carbon Dioxide Explosion
10.8 Ozonolysis
10.9 Acid Hydrolysis
10.10 Alkaline Hydrolysis
10.11 Oxidative Delignification
10.12 Biological Pretreatment
10.13 Pulsed-electric Field (PEF) Pretreatment 10.14 Conclusion

13. Analysis of Lignocellulosic Ethanol
6.1 Overview
6.2 Importance of Size Reduction
6.3 Purpose of Pre-Treatment
6.4 Purpose of Hydrolysis
6.5 Fermentation
6.6 Distillation
6.7 Process Integration
6.8 Issues and Challenges

14. Pilot Projects and Plants
14.1 Pilot Plants Producing Ethanol
14.1.1 BRI Energy’ Bacterium Fermentation of Syngas
14.1.2 EthanolTeknik Project in Sweden
14.1.3 Iogen’s Project of Producing Ethanol from Straw
14.1.4 US DOE Bioethanol Pilot Plant
14.1.5 BC International Corporation’s Project
14.2 Gasification Pilot Plants and Fischer Tropsch Reactors
14.2.1 Güssing Project
14.2.2 Värnamo Project
14.2.3 Freiberg Fischer-Tropsch Plant

15. Major Players
15.1 Abengoa
15.2 BP Plc
15.3 BRI Energy
15.4 Etek Etanolteknik AB
15.5 Iogen
15.6 Mascoma Corporation
15.7 Novozymes
15.8 Petrobras
15.9 Poet
15.10 Shell
15.11 TMO Biotech

16. Appendix
16.1 Requirements for a Good Fuel
16.2 Producing Biofuels with High-Efficiency, Small-Scale Reactors
16.3 Producing Distributed Biofuels with Fast Pyrolysis
16.4 Developing Kinetic Mechanisms for Biomass Compounds
16.5 Bio-oil Fermentation
16.6 Bio-oil Hydroprocessing
16.7 Opportunities for Biorenewables in Petroleum Refineries
16.8 Production of Green Gasoline by Integrated Syn-Gas & Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
16.9 Deriving Green Diesel & Jet Fuel Range Alkanes
16.10 Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuels

17. Glossary