次世代の燃料電池動向...市場調査レポートについてご紹介

Executive Summary

Section 1: Introduction to Biofuels

1. Introduction to Biofuels
1.1 What are Biofuels?
1.2 Uses of Biofuels
1.3 Ethanol & Biodiesel Markets
1.4 Pros & Cons of Biofuels
1.5 Direct Biofuels
1.6 Market Overview – Global Biofuels Industry
1.7 Biofuel Usage in Developed Economies and Developing Countries
1.8 Future Demand for Biofuels & Biomass

2. Impact of Biofuels
2.1 Environmental & Economic Impact
2.2 Impact on Engines
2.3 Impact on Rural Development
2.3.1 Policy Impact
2.3.2 Environmental Impact
2.3.3 Impact of Biofuel Programs
2.3.4 Creation of Employment

3. Energy Diversification – Is it Justified?

4. Liquid Biofuels
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Bioalcohols
4.3 Biodiesel
4.4 Bioethers
4.5 Green Diesel
4.6 Vegetable Oil

5. Solid Biofuels
5.1 Features of Solid Biofuels
5.2 Types of Solid Biofuels
5.2.1 Biomass Pellets
5.2.2 Char
5.2.3 Wood Fuel

6. Gas Biofuels
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biogas
6.3 Biopropane
6.4 Synthetic Natural Gas
6.5 Syngas

Section 2: Introduction to Next Generation Biofuels

1. Next Generation Biofuels
1.1 Introduction to Next Generation Biofuels
1.2 What are Next Generation Biofuels?
1.3 Next Generation Technology Development
1.4 Advantages of Next Generation Biofuels
1.5 Challenges facing the Development of Next Generation Biofuels

2. Using Renewable Feedstocks for Biofuels

3. Lignocellulosic Biofuels ? New Emerging Market
3.1 Overview
3.2 Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass
3.3.1 Single Molecule Fuels
3.3.2 Mixture of Fuels

4. Technological Considerations for Next Generation Biofuels
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Production Methods
4.3 Lignocellulosic Bioethanol
4.4 Synthetic Biofuels
4.5 Biohydrogen
4.6 Biogas
4.7 Economical Considerations
4.8 Environmental Considerations
4.9 Technological Considerations
4.10 Conclusion

5. Biomass Potential Worldwide

Section 3: Second Generation Biofuels

1. Introduction to Second Generation Biofuels
1.1 What are Second Generation Biofuels?
1.2 Technologies Used for Second Generation Biofuels
1.3 Conversion Routes for Second Generation Biofuels
1.4 Composition of Biomass
1.4.1 Cellulose
1.4.2 Hemicellulose
1.4.3 Lignin
1.4.4 Water
1.4.5 Ash and Other Components
1.4.6 Validation of Surrogate Molecules

2. Impact of the Economic Recession on Second Generation Biofuels

3. Feedstocks for Second Generation Biofuel
3.1 Bioethanol
3.2 Black Liquor
3.3 Energy Crops
3.4 Gas Biomatter (Methane)
3.5 Green Waste

4. Technologies Involved in Production of Second Generation Biofuels
4.1 Biochemistry
4.2 Co-Current Fixed Bed
4.3 Counter-Current Fixed Bed
4.4 Entrained Flow Gasifier
4.5 Fluidized Bed Reactor
4.6 Gasification
4.7 Pyrolysis
4.8 Torrefaction

5. Types of Second Generation Biofuels
5.1 BioDME
5.2 Bioethanol & Biobutanol
5.3 Biohydrogen
5.4 Biomethanol
5.5 DMF
5.6 Fischer-Tropsch Fuels
5.7 Hydro Thermal Upgrading (HTU)
5.8 Mixed Alcohols
5.9 Wood Diesel

6. Growth Drivers for Second Generation Biofuels
6.1 Overview
6.2 Regulatory Support
6.3 Blending Mandates
6.4 Trade Opportunities for Developing Countries
6.5 Government Funding
6.6 Foreign Investment
6.7 Trade in Feedstock
6.8 Scientific Cooperation and Research & Development

7. Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biofuels
7.1 What are Lignocellulosic Biofuels?
7.2 Potential of Lignocellulosic Biofuels
7.3 Is it Feasible to Produce Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass?
7.4 Types of Biofuels Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass
7.5 Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass
7.6 Conversion Process of Biomass to Fuel
7.7 Producing Biofuels from Catalytic Processing of Biomass
7.8 Requirement of Next Generation Biorefineries for Producing Liquid Fuels
7.9 Feedstocks for Lignocellulosic Biofuels

8. Analysis of Lignocellulosic Ethanol
8.1 Overview
8.2 Importance of Size Reduction
8.3 Purpose of Pre-Treatment
8.4 Purpose of Hydrolysis
8.5 Fermentation
8.6 Distillation
8.7 Process Integration
8.8 Issues and Challenges

9. Analysis of Synthetic Biofuels
9.1 Overview
9.2 Importance of Size Reduction
9.3 Gasification
9.4 Components of Product Gas
9.5 Necessity of Gas Cleaning
9.6 Gas Upgrading
9.7 Pathways for Fuel Synthesis
9.7.1 Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthesis
9.7.2 Bio-SNG Production
9.7.3 Production of Ethanol and Higher Alcohols via Gasification

10. Analysis of Biohydrogen
10.1 Overview
10.2 Production Technologies
10.3 Thermochemical Gasification with Water Gas Shift
10.4 Fast Pyrolysis with Reforming of Carbohydrate Fraction of Bio-Oil
10.5 Feasibility of Direct Solar Gasification
10.6 Other Gasification Process
10.7 Hydrogen Production from Biomass Derived Syngas Conversion
10.8 Supercritical Conversion of Biomass
10.9 Microbial Conversion of Biomass
10.10 Comparison of Different Process Routes for Hydrogen Production

11. Role of Biorefineries
11.1 What is a Biorefinery?
11.2 Realizing the Potential of a Biorefinery
11.3 Emergence of Advanced Biorefineries
11.4 Types of Advanced Biorefineries

12. Sustaining Second Generation Biofuels in Developing Countries
12.1 Overview
12.2 Economic Impact of Second Generation Biofuels
12.2.1 Second Generation Biofuel Plants are Capital Intensive
12.2.2 Supply Costs of Biomass
12.2.3 Production Costs for Biofuels
12.3 Impact on the National Budget
12.3.1 Foreign Currency Savings
12.3.2 Requirement for Subsidies
12.4 Creating a Legal Political Framework
12.5 Securing Biomass Supplies
12.6 Access to Energy Services
12.7 Issue of Food Security

13. Second Generation Biofuels, GHG Emissions & Impact on the Environment
13.1 Overview
13.2 Impact of Second Generation Biofuels on Ecosystems, Carbon Cycle and Global Climate
13.3 GHG Balances
13.4 Impact on Soil
13.5 Impact on Water
13.6 Impact on Biodiversity

14. Second Generation Biofuels and Genetic Engineering

15. Synthetic Biology for Second Generation Biofuels

16. Commercial Investment in Second Generation Biofuels
16.1 Overview
16.2 Investment Costs
16.3 Operating Costs
16.4 Cost Assessments and Targets

17. Transitioning from First Generation to Second Generation Biofuels

18. Case Study: Pilot Projects for Second Generation Biofuels
18.1 Biochemical Ethanol & Biorefinery Demonstration Projects
18.2 Thermochemical BTL Demonstration Projects

Analysis of Second Generation Biofuels by Country

1. Brazil
1.1 Overview
1.2 First Generation Biofuels Production
1.3 National Policy Target for Biofuels
1.4 Types of Lignocellulosic Feedstock
1.5 Second Generation Biofuels in Brazil
1.6 Production Costs for Second Generation Biofuels in Brazil
1.7 Economic Impact
1.8 Ecological Impact
1.9 Second Generation Biofuels in Brazil: SWOT Analysis
1.10 Conclusion

2. China
2.1 Overview
2.2 First Generation Biofuels Production
2.3 National Policy Target for Biofuels
2.4 Types of Lignocellulosic Feedstock
2.5 Second Generation Biofuels in China
2.6 Production Costs for Second Generation Biofuels in China
2.7 Economic Impact
2.8 Ecological Impact
2.9 Second Generation Biofuels in China: SWOT Analysis
2.10 Conclusion

3. India
3.1 Overview
3.2 First Generation Biofuels Production
3.3 National Policy Target for Biofuels
3.4 Types of Lignocellulosic Feedstock
3.5 Second Generation Biofuels in India
3.6 Production Costs for Second Generation Biofuels in India
3.7 Economic Impact
3.8 Ecological Impact
3.9 Second Generation Biofuels in India: SWOT Analysis
3.10 Conclusion

4. Mexico
4.1 Overview
4.2 First Generation Biofuels Production
4.3 National Policy Target for Biofuels
4.4 Types of Lignocellulosic Feedstock
4.5 Second Generation Biofuels in Mexico
4.6 Production Costs for Second Generation Biofuels in Mexico
4.7 Economic Impact
4.8 Ecological Impact
4.9 Second Generation Biofuels in Mexico: SWOT Analysis
4.10 Conclusion

5. South Africa
5.1 Overview
5.2 First Generation Biofuels Production
5.3 National Policy Target for Biofuels
5.4 Types of Lignocellulosic Feedstock
5.5 Second Generation Biofuels in South Africa
5.6 Production Costs for Second Generation Biofuels in South Africa
5.7 Economic Impact
5.8 Ecological Impact
5.9 Second Generation Biofuels in South Africa: SWOT Analysis
5.10 Conclusion

6. Thailand
6.1 Overview
6.2 First Generation Biofuels Production
6.3 National Policy Target for Biofuels
6.4 Types of Lignocellulosic Feedstock
6.5 Second Generation Biofuels in Thailand
6.6 Production Costs for Second Generation Biofuels in Thailand
6.7 Economic Impact
6.8 Ecological Impact
6.9 Second Generation Biofuels in Thailand: SWOT Analysis
6.10 Conclusion

Section 3: Third Generation Biofuels

1. Introduction to Third Generation Biofuels ? Algal Fuels
1.1 Overview
1.2 What is Algal Fuel?
1.3 Fuels Produced from Algae
1.3.1 Biodiesel
1.3.2 Biobutanol
1.3.3 Biogasoline
1.3.4 Methane
1.3.5 Ethanol
1.3.6 Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
1.3.7 Ethanol
1.3.8 Transport Fuels
1.3.9 Jet Fuel

2. Using Algae as an Energy Source

3. Producing Biological Hydrogen from Algae
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Technological Evolution
3.3 Bioreactor Design Issues
3.4 Biohydrogen Production from Algae
3.5 Applications
3.6 Ongoing Research & Development
3.7 Addition of Copper

4. Investment in the Industry

5. Market Analysis
5.1 Algal Fuel in the US
5.2 Algal Fuel in Europe
5.3 Corporate Developments

6. Using Algae for Transport & Power Generation

7. Fuel Production from Algae
7.1 Overview
7.2 Basics of Fuel Production
7.3 Production Technologies & Strategies
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Infrastructure for Production
7.3.2.1 Three Dimensional Structures
7.3.2.2 Open Ponds and Raceways
7.3.2.3 Hybrid Systems
7.4 Products & Co-products
7.4.1 Biodiesel
7.4.2 Ethanol from Algal Biomass
7.4.3 Hydrocarbons
7.4.4 Mixed Alcohols
7.4.5 Co-products
7.5 Improving the Yield

8. Advantages of Fuel Production from Algae

9. Challenges Facing Third Generation Biofuels

10. Technology behind Third Generation Biofuels
10.1 Biological Concepts
10.2 Algae Production
10.3 Fuel Production Options
10.4 Biodiesel Production from Algae
10.5 Ethanol Production from Algae
10.6 Hydrocarbons Production from Algae
10.7 Extraction of Algal Oil
10.8 Types of Biofuel Produced

11. Producing Microalgal Biomass

12. Direct Liquefaction of Algae for Biodiesel Production

Section 4: Fourth Generation Biofuels

1. Fourth Generation Biofuels

Section 5: Analysis of Major Players in the Industry

1. A2BE Carbon Capture
2. Abengoa Bioenergy
3. agri.capital GmbHBD AgroRenewables GmbH & Co. KG
4. Air Liquide
5. Algae Floating Systems Inc
6. AlgaeLink, N.V.
7. Algaewheel
8. Algenol Biofuels
9. AlgoDyne Ethanol Energy Corporation
10. Amyris Biotechnologies
11. ANDRITZ AG
12. Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation
13. Aurora Biofuels
14. BASF
15. BBI BioVentures LLC
16. BEST Energies
17. Bio Fuel Systems
18. BioConstruct GmbH
19. BioGasol ApS
20. Blue Marble Energy
21. BlueFire Ethanol
22. BP Plc
23. BRI Energy
24. Broin Companies
25. Butamax Advanced Biofuels LLC
26. Cellana
27. Chemrec
28. Choren
29. Cobalt Biofuels
30. Colusa Biomass Energy Corporation
31. Coskata
32. D1 Oils Plc
33. Dao Energy, LLC
34. Diversified Energy Corporation
35. DuPont Danisco
36. Ecofin LLC
37. Enerkem
38. EnviTec Biogas GmbH
39. Etek Etanolteknik AB
40. Flambeau River Biofuels LLC
41. Frontier Renewable Resources
42. Fuel Bio Holdings, LLC
43. Gevo
44. Global Green Solutions
45. GreenerBioEnergy Corporation
46. GreenFuel Technologies
47. Greenlane Biogas
48. GS CleanTech
49. Gushan Environmental Energy
50. Haldor-Tops?e AS
51. ICM Incorporated
52. Imperium Renewables
53. Infinifuel
54. International Energy, Inc
55. Inventure Chemical
56. Iogen Corporation
57. Lignol Innovations, Inc
58. Live Fuels Inc
59. LS9, Inc
60. Lurgi AG
61. Mascoma
62. Nedalco
63. NESTE Oil Oyj
64. Novozymes
65. Pacific Ethanol
66. Pan Gen Global
67. PetroAlgae
68. Petrobras
69. PetroSun
70. POET
71. QTeros
72. Range Fuels
73. Repotec Renewable Power Technologies Umwelttechnik GmbH
74. Sapphire Energy
75. Seambiotic
76. SEKAB
77. Shell
78. Solazyme
79. Solena Group
80. Solix Biofuels
81. S?d-Chemie AG
82. TMO Biotech
83. Valcent Products Inc
84. Vercipia Biofuels
85. Verenium
86. Virent
87. Virgin Green Fund
88. West Biofuels LLC
89. XL Renewables
90. Zeachem

Conclusion

1. Case Study: Wood Ethanol in Canada
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Technical Developments
1.3 Why Produce Ethanol?
1.4 Wood Ethanol Production Technologies
1.4.1 Fermentation
1.4.2 Gasification
1.5 Demonstration Projects in Canada
1.6 Sources of Wood for Wood Ethanol Production
1.6.1 Fast Growing Plantations
1.6.2 Industrial Wood Waste
1.6.3 Forest Residue
1.7 Regulatory Incentives
1.8 Research & Development
1.9 Conclusion

2. Producing Biofuels with High-Efficiency, Small-Scale Reactors

3. Producing Distributed Biofuels with Fast Pyrolysis

4. Deriving Green Diesel & Jet Fuel Range Alkanes

5. Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuels

6. Overview of Biofuels of the First and Second Generation and Related Feedstock and Conversion Processes

6. Appendix

7. Glossary